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Total 667546 Results
| Label | Description | ILX | Version | Created CID | Modified Time | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cobalt | Inorganic Compound;Metal;Cobalt Compound; Cobalt is a metallic element with the atomic number 27. It is found naturally in rocks, soil, water, plants, and animals, and is mainly used to produce alloys and pigments. In small amounts cobalt is an essential element for life, as it is part of vitamin B12. However, excess exposure is known to exhibit toxic effects. Cobalt also exists in the toxic radioactive form Cobalt-60. | ILX:0102301 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Cocaine | An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake. (PubChem) Pharmacology: Cocaine is a local anesthetic indicated for the introduction of local (topical) anesthesia of accessible mucous membranes of the oral, laryngeal and nasal cavities. Mechanism of action: Cocaine produces anesthesia by inhibiting excitation of nerve endings or by blocking conduction in peripheral nerves. This is achieved by reversibly binding to and inactivating sodium channels. Sodium influx through these channels is necessary for the depolarization of nerve cell membranes and subsequent propagation of impulses along the course of the nerve. Cocaine is the only local anesthetic with vasoconstrictive properties. This is a result of its blockade of norepinephrine reuptake in the autonomic nervous system. Cocaine binds differentially to the dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine transport proteins and directly prevents the re-uptake of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine into pre-synaptic neurons. Cocaine also produces a number of indirect actions, which alter other neuromodulatory systems (i.e., opioidergic, glutamatergic, and GABAergic systems). Drug type: Approved. Illicit. Small Molecule. Drug category: Anesthetics. Anesthetics, Local. Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors. Local Anesthetics. Vasoconstrictor Agents | ILX:0102302 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Cocaine-Related Disorder | ILX:0102303 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Cochlea | Component of the inner ear, tonotopically organized to aid transduction of sound. * The part of the internal ear that is concerned with hearing. It forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, is conical, and is placed almost horizontally anterior to the vestibule. (MSH) * The part of the internal ear that is concerned with hearing. It forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, is conical, and is placed almost horizontally anterior to the vestibule. (NCI) * part of the internal ear that is concerned with hearing; forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, is conical, and is placed almost horizontally anterior to the vestibule. (CSP) | ILX:0102304 | 10 | scicrunch | 06/23/2020 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Cochlea duct | An endolymph filled cavity inside the cochlea, located in between the scala tympani and the scala vestibuli, separated by the basilar membrane and Reissner's membrane (the vestibular membrane) respectively. Houses the organ of Corti[WP]. | ILX:0102305 | 9 | scicrunch | 06/23/2020 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Cochlea inner hair cell | A pear-shaped epithelial cell that is medially placed re: the inner pillar and forms a single row within the organ of Corti. Resting potential is modulated by perturbations in stereocilia located at the apical pole of the cell. In contrast to outer hair cells, the inner hair cells are fewer in number, have fewer stereocilia, and are less differentiated. They do, however, receive ~95% of the auditory-nerve dendrites. Although a single auditory nerve fiber innervates several outer hair cells, each inner hair cell receives several more heavily myelinated, auditory-nerve dendrites. Neurotransmitter release activates the auditory nerve, which leads to the cochlear nucleus within the central auditory pathway.(MSH) | ILX:0102306 | 4 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Cochlea outer hair cell | In mammals, the outer hair cells are arranged in three rows that are further removed from the modiolus than the single row of inner hair cells. Although receiving only ~5% of the innervating auditory nerve dendrites, the motile properties of the outer hair cells actively contribute to the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the cochlea. The process of somatic electromotility, due to the presence of the motor protein, prestin, is essential for normal cochlear function. Outer hair cell function is also directly influenced by efferent input from the medial superior olivary complex. (MSH) | ILX:0102307 | 4 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Cochlear canal | ILX:0102308 | 7 | scicrunch | 06/23/2020 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Cochlear nuclear complex | The cochlear nuclei consist of: (a) the dorsal cochlear nucleus, corresponding to the tuberculum acusticum on the dorso-lateral surface of the inferior peduncle; and (b) the ventral or accessory cochlear nucleus, placed between the two divisions of the nerve, on the ventral aspect of the inferior peduncle. [WP,unvetted]. | ILX:0102309 | 11 | scicrunch | 11/30/2020 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Cochlear nuclei of ABA 2009 | ILX:0102310 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) cartwheel cell | Cartwheel cell bodies lie on the superficial side of the pyramidal (or fusiform) cell layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Their spiny dendrites receive input from the axons of granule cells (parallel fibers) and their axons release GABA and glycine onto cartwheel, pyramidal and giant cell targets. Cartwheel cells share many of the features, molecular and electrophysiological, of cerebellar Purkinje neurons. | ILX:0102311 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) giant cell | Large multipolar cells located in the deep layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. Like the pyramidal (fusiform) cells, a principal neuron of the DCN. Their dendrites, branching sparsely across isofrequency bands, are smooth until they reach the molecular layer, where the tips are spiny. The axons join pyramidal cell axons to form the DAS (dorsal acoustic stria) through which they project to the contralateral inferior colliculus. | ILX:0102312 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) Golgi cell | ILX:0102313 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) pyramidal neuron | Bipolar neuron in dorsal cochlear nucleus, whose cell bodies form a band in the pyramidal cell layer. Characterized by a spiny apical dendritic tree in the molecular layer and a smooth basal dendritic tree in the deep layer. The apical dendrites have many branches which are contacted by parallel fibers from granule cells, whereas the basal dendrites have few branches and receive inputs from the auditory nerve. | ILX:0102314 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) stellate cell | ILX:0102315 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) unipolar brush cell | Unipolar brush cells are characterized by having one dendrite that terminates in a paintbrush-like structure of dendrioles that receives input from a single mossy fiber terminal. The axon usually emanates from the opposite pole, branches 1-3 times and ends in mossy terminals. They were defined by E. Mugnaini and his colleagues in the 1990s. | ILX:0102316 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Cochlear nucleus (dorsal) vertical cell | Intrinsic neuron found in the deep layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, whose cell bodies and dendrites are intermingled among the basal dendritic trees of pyramidal cells. Their dendrites are smooth and lie in the plane of an isofrequency sheet; in sections in standard planes, parts of the dendrites are cut so they appear to be oriented vertically, perpendicular to the plane of the layers. They are inhibitory and use glycine as a neurotransmitter. | ILX:0102317 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Cochlear nucleus (ventral) globular bushy cell | The distinction between globular and spherical bushy cells was originally reported by Osen on the basis of a difference in the shape of the cell bodies. Globular bushy cells lie in and around the root of the auditory nerve. Their axons project to the contralateral medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB), innervating principal cells with a calyx of Held. | ILX:0102318 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar cell | Multipolar neuron located in the ventral cochlear nucleus with multiple long dendrites extending from the cell soma. Two subclasses (D and T) are recognzed based on their alignment with auditory nerve fibers. Both types have axon collaterals that terminate locally near the cell soma. | ILX:0102319 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Cochlear nucleus (ventral) multipolar D cell | One of two types of multipolar or stellate cells, D stellate cells are glycinergic inhibitory neurons named for having an axon that projects dorsalward into the dorsal cochlear nucleus and that exits through the intermediate acoustic stria to innervate the contralateral cochlear nucleus. Axons have widespread collaterals in the ventral cochlear nucleus and in the deep layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus. | ILX:0102320 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
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