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Total 393357 Results
| Label | Description | ILX | Version | Created CID | Modified Time | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bridge Contact Site | Site of contact between the inner and outer mitochondrial membrane found in neuronal mitochondria; may play a role in maintaining the structural integrity of the inner and outer boundary membranes (Perkins and Ellisman, 2005). | ILX:0101455 | 4 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Brimonidine | Brimonidine is a drug used to treat glaucoma. It acts via decreasing aqueous humor synthesis. (Wikipedia) Pharmacology: Brimonidine significantly lowers intraocular pressure with minimal effects on cardiovascular and pulmonary parameters. It lowers intraocular pressure by reducing aqueous humor production and increasing uveoscleral outflow. Mechanism of action: Brimonidine is an alpha adrenergic receptor agonist. It has a peak ocular hypotensive effect occurring at two hours post-dosing. Fluorophotometric studies in animals and humans suggest that Brimonidine has a dual mechanism of action by reducing aqueous humor production and increasing uveoscleral outflow. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists. Antihypertensive Agents. EENT Drugs | ILX:0101456 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Brinzolamide | Brinzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme found in many tissues of the body including the eye. It catalyzes the reversible reaction involving the hydration of carbon dioxide and the dehydration of carbonic acid. In humans, carbonic anhydrase exists as a number of isoenzymes, the most active being carbonic anhydrase II (CA-II). Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes of the eye decreases aqueous humor secretion, presumably by slowing the formation of bicarbonate ions with subsequent reduction in sodium and fluid transport. The result is a reduction in intraocular pressure. Brinzolamide is indicated in the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure in patients with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma. Pharmacology: Used in the treatment of glaucoma, brinzolamide inhibits aqueous humor formation and reduces elevated intraocular pressure. Elevated intraocular pressure is a major risk factor in the pathogenesis of optic nerve damage and glaucomatous visual field loss. Mechanism of action: Brinxolamide is both a sulfonamide and a carbonic anhydrase II inhibitor. Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes the reversible reaction involving the hydration of carbon dioxide and the dehydration of carbonic acid. Inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes of the eye decreases aqueous humor secretion, presumably by slowing the formation of bicarbonate ions, with subsequent reduction in sodium and fluid transport. The result is a reduction in intraocular pressure, and thereby a reduction in the risk of optic nerve damage and glaucomatous visual field loss. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Antiglaucomic Agents. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. Ophthalmics | ILX:0101457 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Bristol-Myers Squibb | A global biopharmaceutical company that develops and manufactures prescription pharmaceuticals in several therapeutic areas, including cancer, HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hepatitis, rheumatoid arthritis and psychiatric disorders. BMS' primary R&D sites are located in Princeton, New Jersey (formerly Squibb) and Wallingford, Connecticut (formerly Bristol-Myers), with other sites in Hopewell and New Brunswick, New Jersey, and in Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium, Tokyo, and Bangalore, India. (Adapted from Wikipedia) | ILX:0101458 | 5 | scicrunch | 08/24/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
| Brixton spatial anticipation test | No definition submitted yet. | ILX:0101459 | 4 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Broca's area | Part of left frontal lobe of human located in the posterior part of the inferior frontal gyrus named for the French physician Pierre-Paul Broca (Heimer, L. The Human Brain and Spinal Cord, 2nd ed, 1995, pg 446). According to FMA, it comprises Brodmann's area 44 and part of area 45. Broca's area is generally considered to be involved in speech and language processing and production (e.g., speech articulation, lexical semantics, and syntax/syntactic decoding); but has also been shown to be related to non-verbal frequency discrimination, working memory, complex hand movements, associative sensorimotor learning and sensorimotor integration, imitation, musical processing, and hallucinations in those with Schizophrenia (http://www.springerreference.com/docs/html/chapterdbid/179813.html). | ILX:0101460 | 6 | scicrunch | 06/23/2020 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
| Brochidodromous | A shape inhering in a bearer by virtue of having secondary branches joined together in a series of promising arches. | ILX:0101461 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Brodmann (1909) area 10 | Brodmann area 10, or BA10, is part of the frontal cortex in the human brain. BA10 encompasses the most anterior part of the frontal cortex, known as the frontopolar region. This area is believed to play a part in strategic processes involved in memory retrieval and executive function. This area is also called frontopolar area 10, and it refers to a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined frontal region of cerebral cortex. It occupies the most rostral portions of the superior frontal gyrus and the middle frontal gyrus. In humans, on the medial aspect of the hemisphere it is bounded ventrally by the superior rostral sulcus (H). It does not extend as far as the cingulate sulcus. Cytoarchitecturally it is bounded dorsally by the granular frontal area 9, caudally by the middle frontal area 46, and ventrally by the orbital area 47 and by the rostral area 12 or, in an early version of Brodmann's cortical map (Brodmann-1909), the prefrontal Brodmann area 11-1909. | ILX:0101462 | 9 | scicrunch | 06/23/2020 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Brodmann (1909) area 14 | Brodmann Area 14 is one of Brodmann's subdivisions of the cerebral cortex in the brain. It was defined by Brodmann in the guenon monkey. No equivalent structure exists in humans. | ILX:0101463 | 9 | scicrunch | 06/23/2020 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Brodmann (1909) area 17 | The term area 17 of Brodmann-1909 refers to a subdivision of the cerebral cortex of the guenon. It is the predominant cytoarchitectural component of the occipital lobe and is cytoarchitecturally homologous to striate area 17 of the human. Topographically it occupies a much greater proportion of the cerebral cortex in the monkey than in the human. Indeed, the single largest cytoarchitectural area in the monkey, it is the only cortical area in the monkey that is larger in absolute terms than its human homologue (Brodmann-1909). Distinctive features (Brodmann-1905): area 17 is relatively narrow in total thickness, the cellular layers are distinct, and cells are generally small, numerous and densely packed; the molecular layer (I) is thin and cell-free; the external granular layer is poorly developed and its boundary with the external pyramidal layer (III) is indistinct; the latter is extremely thin with a few larger pyramidal cells distributed in its deeper portion; the internal granular layer (IV) is very prominent and divided into three sublayers. 4a, 4b and 4c; subayer 4a is composed of densely packed granule cells with sparsely distributed stellate and pyramidal cells; sublayer 4b, which corresponds to the band of Gennari in myelin-stained sections, is a broad clear stripe with a string of isolated large cells distributed along its center; sublayer 4c, the darkest stained sublayer, is composed of the most densely packed cells; it can, in turn be subdivided into an outer denser portion that contains granule cells and larger polymorphic cells and an inner sparser portion composed entirely of granule cells; the internal pyramidal layer (V) is the least cellular, clearest layer with large pyramidal cells, i.e., solitary cells of Meynert, distributed along its border with the multiform layer (VI); the latter consists of two sublayers, 6a and 6b; sublayer 6a is darker stained with larger cells; sublayer 6b is lighter stained with spindle cells; the boundary between the multiform layer and the subcortical white matter is distinct. | ILX:0101464 | 5 | scicrunch | 10/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
| Brodmann area 42 | ILX:0101465 | 5 | scicrunch | 10/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb | |
| Brodmann area 9 | . | ILX:0101466 | 10 | scicrunch | 06/23/2020 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Brodmann (1909) cortical parcellation scheme guenon | ILX:0101467 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Brodmann (1909) cortical parcellation scheme human | Brodmann parcellation scheme for human. Brodmann KIV. Kapitel in Vergleichende Lokalisationslehre der Grosshirnrinde (Leipzig: Verlag von Johann Ambrosias Barth), 1909. Information is derived from Brain Info representation. | ILX:0101468 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Brodmann 1909 area 4 human | Brodmann area comprising a subdivision of the cytoarchitecturally defined precentral region of the precentral gyrus in human. Cytoarchitecturally the caudal boundary with the area 3 of Brodmann (human) does not coincide precisely with the floor of the central sulcus but lies variably in the banks of the postcentral gyrus and the precentral gyrus. The area also does not extend in all cases to the cingulate sulcus medially or to the end of the central sulcus ventrolaterally. It is bounded rostrally by the area 6 of Brodmann (human) ( Brodmann-1909) (adapted from Brain Info). | ILX:0101469 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Brodmann cortical parcellation scheme | ILX:0101470 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Brodmann partition scheme region | A segmentation of the cerebral cortex on the basis of cytoarchitecture as described in Brodmann-1905, Brodmann-1909 and Brodmann-10. Maps for several species were presented. NeuroNames includes only areas in the human and in Old World monkeys. Of the latter, Brodmann studied representatives of several species including guenons (one Cercopithecus mona, one Cercocebus torquatus, and one Cercopithecus otherwise unspecified), which are all closely related African species, and one macaque (Macaca mulatta) an Asian species (Brodmann-1905). The legend to the summary map in Brodmann-1909 ascribes the areas simply to Cercopithecus. Brodmann referenced the areas by name and number. The same area number in humans and monkeys did not necessarily refer to topologically or cytoarchitecturally homologous structures. In NeuroNames the standard term for human areas consists of the English translation of Brodmann's Latin name followed by the number he assigned, e.g., agranular frontal area 6; the standard terms for monkey areas are in the format: area 6 of Brodmann-1909. He mapped a portion of areas limited to the banks of sulci, e.g., area 3 of Brodmann-1909 (Brodmann-1909) onto the adjacent, visible surface. This accounts for the fact that some areas appear larger on his surface map than on maps of other authors, e.g., area 3 of Vogts-1919. (Adapted from NeuroNames) | ILX:0101471 | 17 | scicrunch | 06/23/2020 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
| Broken | ILX:0101472 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Bromfenac | Bromfenac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for ophthalmic use. Ophthalmic NSAIDs are becoming a cornerstone for the management of ocular pain and inflammation. Their well-characterized anti-inflammatory activity, analgesic property, and established safety record have also made NSAIDs an important tool to optimize surgical outcomes. Pharmacology: Bromfenac ophthalmic solution is a sterile, topical, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) for ophthalmic use. Mechanism of action: The mechanism of its action is thought to be due to its ability to block prostaglandin synthesis by inhibiting cyclooxygenase 1 and 2. Prostaglandins have been shown in many animal models to be mediators of certain kinds of intraocular inflammation. In studies performed in animal eyes, prostaglandins have been shown to produce disruption of the blood-aqueous humor barrier, vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, leukocytosis, and increased intraocular pressure. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Analgesics. Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal | ILX:0101473 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Bromocriptine | A semisynthetic ergotamine alkaloid that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It suppresses prolactin secretion. (PubChem) Pharmacology: Bromocriptine is an ergoline derivitave dopamine agonist that is used in the treatment of amenorrhea, female infertility, abnormal discharge of breast milk, hypogonadism, Parkinson's disease, and acromegaly. Bromocriptine produces its therapeutic effect in the treatment of Parkinson's disease, a clinical condition characterized by a progressive deficiency in dopamine synthesis in the substantia nigra, by directly stimulating the dopamine receptors in the corpus striatum. Mechanism of action: Bromocriptine acts by directly stimulating the dopamine receptors in the corpus striatum. Drug type: Approved. Investigational. Small Molecule. Drug category: Antidyskinetics. Antiparkinson Agents. Dopamine Agonists. Hormone Antagonists | ILX:0101474 | 5 | scicrunch | 08/24/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
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