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Total 393357 Results
| Label | Description | ILX | Version | Created CID | Modified Time | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Area postrema | A small, rounded eminence on each side of the fourth ventricle, which receives nerve fibers from the solitary nucleus , spinal cord, and adjacent areas of the medulla. The area postrema lies outside the blood-brain barrier and its functions include acting as an emetic chemoreceptor. | ILX:0100888 | 10 | scicrunch | 11/30/2020 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Area postrema of ABA 2009 | ILX:0100889 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Area prostriata of DMVH2003 | Cytoarchitecturally defined region within the isthmus of the cingulate cortex located posterior to the parasubiculum of the isthmus, bordering area 17 posteriorly, further divided into an anterior and posterior portion based on cytoarchitectureal and immunocytochemical criteria | ILX:0100890 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Area X | ILX:0100891 | 11 | scicrunch | 06/23/2020 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Arformoterol | Arformoterol is a bronchodilator. It works by relaxing muscles in the airways to improve breathing. Arformoterol inhalation is used to prevent bronchoconstriction in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Pharmacology: Arformoterol, the (R,R)-enantiomer of formoterol, is a selective long-acting beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist (beta2-agonist) that has two-fold greater potency than racemic formoterol (which contains both the (S,S) and (R,R)-enantiomers). The (S,S)-enantiomer is about 1,000-fold less potent as a beta2-agonist than the (R,R)-enantiomer. Mechanism of action: While it is recognized that beta2-receptors are the predominant adrenergic receptors in bronchial smooth muscle and beta1-receptors are the predominant receptors in the heart, data indicate that there are also beta2-receptors in the human heart comprising 10% to 50% of the total beta-adrenergic receptors. The precise function of these receptors has not been established, but they raise the possibility that even highly selective beta2-agonists may have cardiac effects. The pharmacologic effects of beta2-adrenoceptor agonist drugs, including arformoterol, are at least in part attributable to stimulation of intracellular adenyl cyclase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3,5-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP). Increased intracellular cyclic AMP levels cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle and inhibition of release of mediators of immediate hypersensitivity from cells, especially from mast cells. In vitro tests show that arformoterol is an inhibitor of the release of mast cell mediators, such as histamine and leukotrienes, from the human lung. Arformoterol also inhibits histamine-induced plasma albumin extravasation in anesthetized guinea pigs and inhibits allergen-induced eosinophil influx in dogs with airway hyper-response. Drug type: Approved. Investigational. Small Molecule. Drug category: Adrenergic beta-Agonists. Bronchodilator Agents | ILX:0100892 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Argatroban | Argatroban is an anticoagulant that is a small molecule direct thrombin inhibitor. In 2000, argatroban was licensed by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for prophylaxis or treatment of thrombosis in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. In 2002, it was approved for use during percutaneous coronary interventions in patients who have or at risk for developing HIT. (Wikipedia) Pharmacology: Argatroban is a synthetic direct thrombin inhibitor derived from L-arginine indicated as an anticoagulant for prophylaxis or treatment of thrombosis in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Argatroban is a direct thrombin inhibitor that reversibly binds to the thrombin active site. Argatroban does not require the co-factor antithrombin III for antithrombotic activity. Argatroban exerts its anticoagulant effects by inhibiting thrombin-catalyzed or -induced reactions, including fibrin formation; activation of coagulation factors V, VIII, and XIII; protein C; and platelet aggregation. Argatroban is highly selective for thrombin with an inhibitory constant (Ki) of 0.04 M. At therapeutic concentrations, Argatroban has little or no effect on related serine proteases (trypsin, factor Xa, plasmin, and kallikrein).Argatroban is capable of inhibiting the action of both free and clot-associated thrombin. Mechanism of action: Argatroban exerts its anticoagulant effects by inhibiting thrombin-catalyzed or -induced reactions, including fibrin formation; activation of coagulation factors V, VIII, and XIII; protein C; and platelet aggregation. Drug type: Approved. Investigational. Small Molecule. Drug category: Anticoagulants. Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors | ILX:0100893 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Arhynchobdellida | ILX:0100894 | 5 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Aripiprazole | Aripiprazole is an atypical antipsychotic medication used for the treatment of schizophrenia. It has also recently received FDA approval for the treatment of acute manic and mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder. Aripiprazole appears to mediate its antipsychotic effects primarily by partial agonism at the D2 receptor. In addition to partial agonist activity at the D2 receptor, aripiprazole is also a partial agonist at the 5-HT1A receptor, and like the other atypical antipsychotics, aripiprazole displays an antagonist profile at the 5-HT2A receptor. Aripiprazole has moderate affinity for histamine and alpha adrenergic receptors, and no appreciable affinity for cholinergic muscarinic receptors. Pharmacology: Aripiprazole is a psychotropic agent belonging to the chemical class of benzisoxazole derivatives and is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia. Aripiprazole is a selective monoaminergic antagonist with high affinity for the serotonin Type 2 (5HT2), dopamine Type 2 (D2), 1 and 2 adrenergic, and H1 histaminergic receptors. Aripiprazole acts as an antagonist at other receptors, but with lower potency. Antagonism at receptors other than dopamine and 5HT2 with similar receptor affinities may explain some of the other therapeutic and side effects of Aripiprazole. Aripiprazole's antagonism of histamine H1 receptors may explain the somnolence observed with this drug. Aripiprazole's antagonism of adrenergic a1 receptors may explain the orthostatic hypotension observed with this drug. Mechanism of action: Aripiprazole exhibits high affinity for dopamine D2 and D3, serotonin 5-HT1A and 5- HT2A receptors, moderate affinity for dopamine D4, serotonin 5-HT2C and 5-HT7, alpha1-adrenergic and histamine H1 receptors and moderate affinity for the serotonin reuptake pump. Aripiprazole has no appreciable affinity for cholinergic muscarinic receptors. Aripiprazole functions as a partial agonist at the dopamine D2 and the serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, and as an antagonist at serotonin 5-HT2A receptor. Drug type: Approved. Investigational. Small Molecule. Drug category: Antipsychotic Agents. Antipsychotics | ILX:0100895 | 5 | scicrunch | 08/24/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
| Armina | ILX:0100896 | 6 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Armina californica | ILX:0100897 | 5 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Armina lovenii | ILX:0100898 | 6 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Arminidae | ILX:0100899 | 6 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Arminina | ILX:0100900 | 4 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Aroclor 1016 | Organic Compound;Coolant;Plasticizer;Polychlorinated Biphenyl;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Organochloride; Aroclor 1016 is a commercial mixture of PCBs with an average chlorine content of 41.5%. It is composed of mainly trichlorobiphenyls (54.67%), and also includes mono-, bi-, tetra-, and pentachlorinated homologs. | ILX:0100901 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Aroclor 1221 | Organic Compound;Coolant;Plasticizer;Polychlorinated Biphenyl;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Organochloride; Aroclor 1221 is a commercial mixture of PCBs with an average chlorine content of 21%. It is composed of mainly monochlorobiphenyls (60.06%), and also includes bi-, tri, tetra-, and pentachlorinated homologs. | ILX:0100902 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Aroclor 1242 | Organic Compound;Coolant;Plasticizer;Polychlorinated Biphenyl;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Organochloride; Aroclor 1242 is a commercial mixture of PCBs with an average chlorine content of 41.5%. It is composed of mono- to hexachlorinated homologs. | ILX:0100903 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Aroclor 1248 | Organic Compound;Coolant;Plasticizer;Polychlorinated Biphenyl;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Organochloride; Aroclor 1248 is a commercial mixture of PCBs with an average chlorine content of 48%. It is composed of mono- to heptachlorinated homologs. | ILX:0100904 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Aroclor 1254 | Organic Compound;Coolant;Plasticizer;Polychlorinated Biphenyl;Aromatic Hydrocarbon;Organochloride; Aroclor 1254 is a commercial mixture of PCBs with an average chlorine content of 54%. It is composed of mainly pentachlorobiphenyls (71.44%) and hexachlorobuphenyls (21.97%) and also includes mono-, bi-, tri, tetra-, hexa, and nonachlorinated homologs. | ILX:0100905 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Aroclor 1260 | is a commercial mixture of PCBs with an average chlorine content of 60%. It is composed of mainly pentachlorobiphenyls (43.35%) and hexachlorobuphenyls (38.54%) and also includes mono-, bi-, tri, tetra-, hexa-, octa- and nonachlorinated homologs. | ILX:0100906 | 3 | scicrunch | 06/18/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase | A protein that is a translation product of the DDC gene or a 1:1 ortholog thereof. It is a synthetic enzyme that is involved in the second step of the catecholamine synthesis, in which it converts L-DOPA to dopamine via the removal of the carboxyl group from the alpha-carbon on the side chain, with the subsequent liberation of free carbon dioxide. This process also involves the co-factor Pyridoxal phosphate. AADC acts on a variety of aromatic amino acids besides DOPA. (Adapted from Principles of Neuropsychopharmacology" and PRotein Ontology)." | ILX:0100907 | 8 | scicrunch | 10/24/2018 | scicrunch | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | troy sincomb |
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